主题：英语阅读(勿回复)

第五十四篇

The Rising Popularity of Extreme  Sports
极限运动是指人类在与自然融合的过程中, 借助于现代高科技手段, 最大限度地发挥自我身心潜能,向自身挑战的体育娱乐运动。从下面的文章你可以了解这一新兴时尚活动的内容。

Chance McGuire, 25, stands on the edge of a 650-foot concrete dam in  Northern California. There is a light breeze. A lone hawk circles above  the deep valley. The sound from the creek below is faint.
“Five...four...three...two...one,” counts McGuire. “See ya!” He leaps  out into space. In one second he falls 16 ft., in two seconds 63 ft., and  after three seconds and 137 ft. he is dropping at 65 m.p.h. The air comes  rushing at his face and tearing at his clothes, and the massive gray dam is  a blur. He prays that his parachute will open facing away from the dam,  that the chute won’t collapse, and that no ill wind will slam him back inthe cold concrete. The chute snaps open, sounding like a gunshot in the
valley. Now McGuire is soaring, making S turns in the air while  descending toward the winding creek. When he lands safely, he lets out a  whoop of joy. 　

Skateboarders, skiers, bicyclists, and snowboarders have all been  testing the limits of their sports. Dissatisfied with ordinary tricks, bike  riders now do back-flips and handstands on their handlebars.
Skateboarders and in-line skaters soar off half-pipes, twisting and  spinning high into the air like gymnasts. Skiers come down  mountainsides so steep that it would probably be more accurate to say  that they are falling rather than skiing. Extreme sports like these are
gaining popularity in Europe and Asia, but they are most popular in  America. 　
[注释]：
concrete dam: 混凝土大坝　
creek: 小溪，小湾　
hawk: 鹰　
faint: lacking clarity or distinctness 微弱的，模糊的　
leap: to spring or bound upward from or as if from the ground; jump 跳，跳跃　
parachute: 降落伞　
chute: a parachute, such as one for pilots or skydivers 降落伞　
collapse: 失败　
slam: a forceful impact that makes a loud noise 冲击　
snap: to open, close, or fit together with a click 吧嗒一声猛地打开　
gunshot: 射击　
soar: the act of soaring 翱翔　
winding: one complete turn of something wound 线圈　
whoop: a loud cry of exultation or excitement 大叫，呐喊　
skateboarder: a short, narrow board having a set of four roller skate wheels mounted under it and
usually ridden in a standing or crouching position 滑板　
bicyclist: 骑自行车的人　
handlebar: a curved metal steering bar, as on a bicycle, often used in the plural 手把　
spinning: 旋转　
gymnast: a person who is trained and skilled in gymnastics, especially one who engages in
competition 体操运动员　
mountainside: the side of a mountain 山腹，山腰　
steep: having a sharp inclination 陡峭的，险峻的　

第五十五篇

I Have a Dream
马丁·路德·金(1929—1968)，美国黑人解放运动的著名领袖，1968 年被种族主义者刺杀。1963 年8 月28 日，美国首都华盛顿举行大规模的黑人集会，为黑人争取自由、平等和就业。马丁·路德·金在会上发表本篇演说。

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where  they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of  their character. 　
I have a dream today. 　
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor’s  lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and  nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys  and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white
girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. 　
I have a dream today. 　
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill  and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and  the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall

be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. 　
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South.  With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a  stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling  discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With  this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle  together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing  that we will be free one day. 　
　——Martin Luther King 　　
[注释]：
Alabama: a tribe of the Creek confederacy formerly inhabiting southern Alabama and now
located in eastern Texas 阿拉巴马州(美国的一个州)　
lip: either of two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth 嘴唇　
drip: to let fall in or as if in drops (使)滴下　
interposition: 异议　
nullification: the state of being nullified 无效　
transform: to subject (a construction) to a transformation 改变　
exalt: 升高　
crooked: having or marked by bends, curves, or angles 弯曲的　
glory: a highly praiseworthy asset 荣誉，光荣　
reveal: to make known (something concealed or secret) 显示，透露　
jangling: 刺耳的　
discord: inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones; dissonance 意见不合，嘈
杂声　
symphony: 交响乐，交响曲　
brotherhood: the state or relationship of being brothers 手足情谊　
jail: a place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention; a prison 监狱　

第五十六篇

The Wisdom of One Word
最美妙的相遇诞生在偶然,它的名字叫做邂逅。

Isn’t it amazing how one person, sharing one idea, at the right time and  place can change the course of your life’s history? This is certainly what  happened in my life. When I was 14, I was hitchhiking from Houston,Texas, through El Paso on my way to California. I was following my
dream, journeying with the sun. I was a high school dropout with learning  disabilities and was set on surfing the biggest waves in the world, first in  California and then in Hawaii, where I would later live.　
Upon reaching downtown El Paso, I met an old man, a bum, on the  street corner. He saw me walking, stopped me and questioned me as I  passed by. He asked me if I was running away from home, I suppose  because I looked so young. I told him, “Not exactly, sir, since my father
had given me a ride to the freeway in Houston and given me his blessings  while saying, ‘It is important to follow your dream and what is in your  heart, Son.’”　
The bum then asked me if he could buy me a cup of coffee. I told  139  him, “No, sir, but a soda would be great.” We walked to a corner malt  shop and sat down on a couple of swiveling stools while we enjoyed our  drinks.　
After conversing for a few minutes, the friendly bum told me to  follow him. He told me that he had something grand to show me and  share with me. We walked a couple of blocks until we came upon the  downtown El Paso Public Library.　
We walked up its front steps and stopped at a small information  stand. Here the bum spoke to a smiling old lady, and asked her if she  would be kind enough to watch my things for a moment while he and I  entered the library. I left my belongings with this grandmotherly figure
and entered into this magnificent hall of learning.　
The bum first led me to a table and asked me to sit down and wait  for a moment while he looked for something special among the shelves. A  few moments later, he returned with a couple of old books under his arms
and set them on the table. He then sat down beside me and spoke. He  started with a few statements that were very special and that changed my  life. He said, “There are two things that I want to teach you, young man,
and they are these:　
“Number one is to never judge a book by its cover, for a cover can  fool you.”He followed with, “I’ll bet you think I’m a bum, don’t you, young man?”　

I said, “Well, uh, yes, I guess so, sir.”　
“Well, young man, I’ve got a little surprise for you. I am one of the  wealthiest men in the world. I have probably everything any man could  ever want. I originally come from the Northeast and have all the things  that money can buy. But a year ago, my wife passed away, bless her soul,
and since then I have been deeply reflecting upon life. I realized there  were certain things I had not yet experienced in life,one of which was  what it would be like to live like a bum on the streets. I made a  commitment to myself to do exactly that for one year. For the past year I
have been going from city to city doing just that. So, you see, don’t ever  judge a book by its cover, for a cover can fool you.　
“Number two is to learn how to read, my boy. For there is only one  thing that people can’t take away from you, and that is your wisdom.” At  that moment, he reached forward, grabbed my right hand in his and put
them upon the books he’d pulled from the shelves. They were the  writings of Plato and Aristotle—immortal classics from ancient times.　
The bum then led me back past the smiling old woman near the  entrance, down the steps and back on the streets near where we first met.  His parting request was for me to never forget what he taught me.　

I haven’t.　

[注释]：
hitchhike: to travel by soliciting free rides along a road 搭便车　
surfing: 冲浪游戏，网络冲浪　
dropout : one who quits school 中途退学，辍学学生　
bum: a tramp 流浪者　
malt: grain, usually barley, that has been allowed to sprout, used chiefly in brewing and distilling
麦芽　
magnificent: splendid in appearance; grand 宏伟的　
commitment: a pledge to do 许诺　
Plato: (427—347BC，古希腊哲学家)柏拉图　
immortal: 不朽的　

英语流利朗读的方法
朗读英语在语音上要注意什么？怎样读才能让听者听得清楚？怎样增进英语流利感？我们特地将朗读中要注意的几个语音问题简要总结如下：
1. 语调、语气
语调的轻重缓急、跌宕起伏能直接反映说话人所要表达的思想感情。英语的语调主要是通过句子呈现出来的。说英语不能像汉语那样一个字一个字的来说单词，而是要根据英语单词的音节在句子中来连贯表达。（汉语中一个汉字就是一个音节，英语中一个单词可以有一个、两个甚至多个音节）也就是说它的旋律音调模式是句子结构的一部分，而不是词的结构的一部分，这就是英语语调和汉语
语调的主要区别。这就是为什么有的同学每一个单词都发得很标准，可是我们觉得他或她说的英语却不怎么好的原因所在。
在英语中一句话的词汇意义是受语调影响的，英语中常用三种语调：降调、升调、降升调。同一个句子语调不同传达的意义就不同。比较下列各句：
(1)That’s not the one he wants．
(2)That’s not the one he wants．
(3)That’s not the one he wants．
句 (1)降调表示陈述事实；句 (2)升调表示寻求信息的疑问；句 (3)降升调表示他想要的还有别的。再如“Be careful”这样一句简单的话，用不同的语调便会使它具有不同的意思。
2. 几个需要练习的音
􀂋 [e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
􀂋 [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
􀂋 [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
􀂋 [au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn;
􀂋 [au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don
􀂋 [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

􀂋 [s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
􀂋 [z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
􀂋 [n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang; win wing; ran rang
3. 节奏
重视英语的节奏特点，如节奏群,重读音节,弱读式,停顿,失去爆破,连读以及升降调。若能有针对性的进行练习，对于增进英语流利表达大有益处。
（1）失去爆破。是指两个辅音相邻发出时，前面的辅音如是爆破音会出现吞音的现象，主要有如下三种情况：
a.爆破音：/ p, b, t, d, k, g /中任何两个音相邻接时，第一个发不完全爆破音或失去爆破。Doctor, blackboard, handbag, sit down, next door, a bad cold, a
good time, a red tie, good-bye, bad boy。
b.摩擦音: /s, z/, /f, v/, /r/,/h/, 破擦音:
爆破音后如果出现摩擦音或破擦音，第一个爆破音发不完全爆破音，但只能听到极轻的爆声，主要是听后面的摩擦音或破擦音的声音:
absent, box, eighth, picture, subject  a big change, a good child, a red shirt, a black jacket, keep them, write this,bedside like this, stop John, good change, lecture
c.爆破音与鼻辅音 / m, n,/
good morning, big nose, last month, a good mechanic, bad meaning, beat me,bad name
（2）省音或叫音的同化。指在快速的日常谈话中，某个音的消失。它分为历史的省音和语境的省音。省音大致分为元音的省略和辅音的省略。元音的省略主要是指元音[ə]和非重读音节[i]的省略，以及两词之间间界元音的省略。如easily，
go away，fifths、boys’n’girls(男孩们和女孩们)
试练习：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?
（3） 连读。在英语中，前一个词的末尾音与后一个词的起首音紧密联系在一起读的方式，我们称之为“连读”。英语口语注重语调的连贯。在连贯的言语里，中间没有停顿隔开的两个词应当流畅地、自然地连接在一起。连读一般只出现在语句意义密切相关的两个或三个词之间，共有三种形式的连读。

a.辅音 (除了[r] [w]和 [j])+元音：单词末尾的辅音同以元音开头的单词连
读，如read it、brush up。
knock him out[ ] I’ve got a lot of work to do [ ]
b.元音+元音：相连接的两个词前一个词的词尾和后一个词的词首都是元音时，也可以连读，中间不必停顿:
Go on, stay up, who else, may I, my only son, her English teacher。
c.[r]+元音：词末连接音 [r]和与元音的连读，如there is [ðiriz]、idea of it。
d. / j /音连读
this year, bless you, as usual, here’s yours, I’ll meet you there, don’t you know  that? Would you mind opening the door? Don’t you like them?
试练习：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
4. 句子重音
（1）英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
（2）英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
（3）实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词
be.)
（4）实词不重读的特殊情况
a. 实词第二次出现
He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b. 一个名词被第二个名词修饰
I met her in the railway station.
c. 代替词
Which book do you want? The small one.
d. 感叹词中的 what 和how
What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e. street 在专有名词中
Wangfujing Street.
f. this 在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening

（5）虚词重读的特殊情况
a. 情态动词，助动词和系动词be 在句首，句尾和否定时。
Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I  can.
I don't like you. He isn’t a worker.
b. 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。
They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c. 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d. 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e.反身代词表示强调。
He couldn't come himself.

终于完成啦 

希望大家明天有个好成绩!

LZ是大大大大大大的好人

lz

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